Purpose: This study aims to provide a public image of this process andprovide valuable insight into the status and A Review of the Impact of Coronavirus on SPORTs BUSINESSES and help future research cover theresearch gaps in this field. Methodology: This study is a library-type study in the form of a reviewdescriptive study. The statistical population of this study is all articlesrelated to the impact of Coronavirus on SPORTs and the economy from Juneto July 2020 that were published in local and foreign journals in the field of management, marketing, and health. But some studies have pointed to its positive effects on exercise. Findings: After reviewing and studying the research, a higher percentageof reviews on the documents showed that the Covid-19 has damaged theSPORTs economy, and it is not clear how long the adverse effects of Coronavirus on socio-economic status will continue. In addition to thedifficulties that Coronavirus has brought, it can also get opportunities for SPORTs and community health; Use strategies such as market segmentation, emphasis on virtual activity, and blue ocean strategy, which can turn into achance for SPORTs managers. Originality: This study introduced the functions of the blue ocean strategyin the SPORTs industry in the Coronavirus context.

The main objective of this research was to evaluate reliability and validity of Recovery Stress Questionnaire for Athlestes (Rest Q-SPORT). Professional and semi-professional athletes of handball and basketball constitute statistical population of current work. Some 510 athletes were chosen in random as statistical samples. Measurement tool used was a Rest Q-SPORT comprised of 76 questions with 19 sub scales (general stress, emotional stress, social stress, struggle/strain, fatigue, energy deficiency, physical problems, success, social recovery, physical recovery, general health, sleep quality, impaired relaxation, emotional fatigue, injury, physical fitness, personal problems, self-efficacy, self-regulation). The scoring method was based on a 5-choiced Likert scale. Face and content validity of the questionnaire was verified after being translated by expert professors of physical exercise. Statistical methods applied were descriptive indexes for description of data, Cronbach’s alpha for reliability assessment, confirmatory factor analysis, and t individual samples for studying difference with average values. Research findings were indicative of a=0.98 reliability for Rest Q-SPORT. All questions showed significant relations with the factor in terms of structure validity and based on the extent of relations and T-values. Indexes of x2/df=2.03, RMSEA=0.052, NFI=0.97, NNFI=0.93, IFI=0.98, RFI=0.91, GFI=0.93, AGFI=0.90 also demonstrated fitness of the model altogether. Moreover, regarding the relation between factors and concept of improved stress for athletes, the obtained results indicated that all factors were able to predict the concept of improved stress well. Therefore, internal and external validities of the model “improved stress for athletes” were confirmed as well.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of strategic entrepreneurship and institutional environment on the performance of SPORTs BUSINESSES. The research method is descriptive-analytic and correlation type. For this purpose, the Structural Equation Modeling was used by LISREL software and the final model was presented. The statistical population consisted of all small and medium-sized SPORTs enterprises with a staff of less than 50 people in Markazi province in the product and service sector and a sample of 200 people selected. The sampling strategy was stratified random. Data were collected using standard strategic entrepreneurship, institutional environment and business performance questionnaires. After confirming the validity by the SPORT sciences experts, the reliability of the questionnaires was obtained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The fitting indicators of the model were desirable, and in this regard, the results showed that strategic entrepreneurship and institutional environment affect the performance of SPORTing BUSINESSES and based on the path coefficient, strategic entrepreneurship had the most impact on the performance of business athletics, but the institutional environment had not any effect on Strategic entrepreneurship. The promotion of culture, entrepreneurial mentality and leadership with the development of innovation through the provision of applied training to SPORTs entrepreneurs and the development of rules facilitating and improving environmental values can help to improve the performance of the business.

Why would a company's value proposition to customers by other companies? The value proposition of packages of products or services that meet the needs of a particular segment of customers. The aim of this research was identifying the components of value proposition SPORT BUSINESSES model as one of the components 9 business model Osterwalder. This is an applied research and the kind of research was survey study. Statistical populations were owners and managements BUSINESSES of SPORT service and Academic experts in the field of business management and SPORTs management those choice 21 persons. Sampling method was snowball Targeted and non-random until theoretical saturation. The methodology was qualitative using Content Analysis and Semi-structured interview methods and components to the customer value proposition as one of the main elements of the business model SPORTs and SPORTs services were identified. Results showed educational services provided to the customer, consulting services, utilities, health, wellness, recreation, SPORTs medicine services and emotional needs the values of SPORTs are offered in business. Then respond to financial needs and sell products in the next rank component of the value proposition to business customers’ SPORTs services. Based on the findings, it is recommended to business managers SPORT, by analyzing the needs of customers, value proposition competitors and analyze the internal and external business, to create customer value proposition components as a key element of competition in SPORT service BUSINESSES will have special attention.

In this study, a model for the development of women's SPORTs BUSINESSES in West Azerbaijan province was designed. Research community of SPORTs management professors and experts in the field of marketing and SPORTs business, experts in the field of women's SPORTs business, managers and experts of the Ministry of SPORTs and Youth and SPORTs departments, officials of the marketing committee of provincial SPORTs clubs and women active in the field There were SPORTs BUSINESSES in the province, among which sampling by snowball method continued until theoretical saturation and with 17 people saturation was achieved. In the present study, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. To achieve the validity of the research, a combination of criteria of continuous and long-term involvement of researchers, continuous observation, peer review, progressive mentality, participation of participants and the use of multiple information sources were considered by researchers. Also, in order to evaluate the reliability of the research, the method of agreement between the two coders and the researcher coding in a specific time interval was used. The results showed that social factors, belief factors and economic factors as causal factors, managerial factors, facilities and equipment, knowledge and cultural factors as background conditions, financial issues, social issues, cultural issues, motivational factors and deterrents as Interventional conditions were identified. Also, cultural, managerial and economic strategies were identified as strategic factors and increase vitality, increase health, economic development and social development as outcomes.

This research aimed to present a model of SPORTs tourism BUSINESSES and identify the components of this model. This research was applied in terms of the type of research and descriptive-survey oriented in terms of data collection. The study's statistical population included the owners and managers of SPORTs tourism BUSINESSES with at least 5 years of experience. 14 people were selected as the sample population using qualitative research methods and heterogeneous and non-random targeted sampling strategies. The interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner. Using qualitative content analysis method and based on open coding, the concepts were extracted, and then the components were determined based on the dimensions of the Osterwalder model using the axial coding method. Finally, a whole view of the SPORTs tourism business model was presented in the form of a business model canvas. Based on the research results, 32 components were identified in the form of 9 main dimensions. The results showed that the 9 main dimensions of the SPORTs tourism business model are consistent with the Osterwalder model. 32 components were also identified and introduced for the SPORTs tourism business model. Entrepreneurs in SPORTs tourism were advised to pay attention to design, constant updates, and innovation in all dimensions and elements of the business model presented in this research as a comprehensive model. Because SPORTs tourism has a vast variety in different BUSINESSES, focusing attention on the type of SPORT, geographical area, and the business life cycle are also important factors to be considered.

Objective: Nowadays, the new enterprises are recognized as the main sources of job creation, innovation and development in today’s business world.Therefore, identifying influencing factors that play key roles in the start-up of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) is critical.Methodology: Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze factors influencing Small and Medium sized SPORT Enterprises (SEMs) start-ups and develop a proper model. The methodology followed in this study was descriptivecorrelative.The population consisted of owners of small and medium sized SPORT enterprises (N=1500) from which 258 persons were randomly selected.For data collection, the individual factors questionnaire including entrepreneurial character (a=.77), entrepreneurial skills (a=.75); environmental factors (a=.77); capital factors (a=.77); and the business establishment competence questionnaire (a=.81) were used. To analyze the data, the appropriate descriptive and inferential statistics as well as the structural equation modeling with Amos 16 software were used.Results: The results showed that all the three individual, environmental and capital factors had a positive and significant relationship with business establishment. However, the fitted research model showed that only individual factors could play a significant role in establishing an effective SPORT business; while, the environmental factor also influenced its establishment indirectly through the individual factor.Conclusion: The findings of this research put emphasis on the importance of individual factors in the success of establishing small and medium-sized SPORTs BUSINESSES.

Each year a great number of nascent entrepreneurs embark on startups, but a few of them manage to create a sustainable enterprise. They often cease efforts when they confront obstacles. This study makes a great attempt to deal with the barriers in the way of the nascent entrepreneurs who are taking courses to acquire entrepreneurial knowledge and business skills in Tehran. The findings indicate that limitation s such as cultural and attitudinal (mean: 3.7), educational (mean: 3.66), supports and infrastructural (mean: 3.64), operating business environment (mean: 3.38), legal and administrative (mean: 3.41) and financial (mean: 3.42) respectively are the key impediment to business startups. However, personal reservations (mean: 3.08) will not be classified as big problems. The critical point here is that nascent entrepreneurs endowed with stronger entrepreneurial characteristics, tend more to start up BUSINESSES notwithstanding their perception of such problems. In reality, the adjusting role of the "entrepreneurial personality traits" in proportion to the impact of barriers on tendency towards starting up new BUSINESSES is the major scientific achievement of the present research.

The present study was conducted with the aim of sharing economy in SPORTs BUSINESSES.To answer the research questions, a combined or mixed approach that includes qualitative and quantitative methods has been used.The combined research method that first uses the qualitative method and then the quantitative method. The current research method is practical in terms of the type of goal, because the results will be provided to the country's SPORTs BUSINESSES to use it to develop their business. The method of data collection in the first step, library studies and its tools,was taking notes.In this study, using the meta-combined method and after reviewing the literature of the research subject, the indicators of the common economy in SPORTs were identified and coded,then by categorizing the codes, the initial framework was developed and finally by asking questions and interviewing validity and reliability experts. This model was evaluated and the final model of business innovation in SPORTs complexes was developed based on the sharing economy.finally, the effectiveness and use of model indicators were examined and effective indicators were ranked. The results showed that the indicators of the shared economy regarding the occurrence of innovation in SPORTs BUSINESSES include 3 main categories (customers, owners and platform), 9 themes in each sector (SPORTs venues and spaces, SPORTs equipment and supplies, tickets and prizes, Technology, brand and reputation, training and consulting, athletes, managers, coaches, staff and fans) and 126 codes.